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Exercise trials for knee osteoarthritis are not consistently collecting and reporting information about exercise adherence.

Without information about adherence, the understanding of true treatment effect sizes of exercise for individuals with knee osteoarthritis is limited.

Only 10.2% of trials provided a predetermined threshold of adequate adherence, and outcomes did not appear to differ in those who met the threshold. However, metrics, thresholds, and comparator groups were highly heterogeneous in these trials, limiting any conclusions.

Intensive exercise in the early postoperative rehabilitation after hip fracture (up to 3 months postoperatively) is beneficial to the recovery of physical function in older adults.

Intensive exercise with more load lead to greater improvements in muscle strength, balance, and functional ability.

Older adults with cognitive impairment were not included in the studies selected for this review, conclusions about the training results may not be extended to this population.

HIT improves symptoms of central sensitization and perceived stress in persons with CNSLBP.

Effects of HIT on central sensitization are more pronounced in persons with clinically relevant symptoms.

Symptoms of central sensitization and perceived stress are only slightly related with (changes in) pain intensity and functional disability.

Rehabilitation programs fail to promote exercise-related behavior change.

The one-size-fits-all approach to promoting behavior change is impractical.

Multiple theories and strategies are needed for successful behavior change.

We explained the key points of six theories for behavior change.

Rehabilitation staff must intentionally implement strategies to change behavior.

There is little guidance for physical therapists on how best to provide first line care for people with low back pain.

Providing validation to patients seems important.

The AxEL-Q is a valid and reliable tool that could help to guide physical therapy consultations.

Physical therapists could consider focusing patient education and advice on messages about cause, severity, and imaging, and in doing so remove barriers to physical activity.

The ecological-enactive approach to pain extends the biopsychosocial model.

Clinical reasoning and practice centers around affordances: opportunities for action.

Disabling pain is experienced as closed-off or “stuck” field of affordances.

Therapist and patient work together to make sense of pain, complexity, and uncertainty.

Together, they choose interventions aimed to “open-up” the field of affordances.

Most functional impairments the patients experience improve in the short-term.

Shoulder rotation at 90° abduction continues to improve in the long-term.

Proprioception does not change in the clinical course of frozen shoulder.

Direct longitudinal correlations between functional impairments were established.