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HRV is used to assess cardiac autonomic modulation.

HRV is useful to assess the effect of physical exercise programmes.

What are the common shortcomings of using the HRV methodology?

What are the recommendations of using HRV collection and analysis methods?

Checklist regarding the use of the HRV collection and analysis methodology.

Confidence intervals (CI) measure the uncertainty around effect estimates.

Frequentist 95% CI: we can be 95% confident that the true estimate would lie within the interval.

Bayesian 95% CI: there is a 95% probability that the true estimate would lie within the interval.

Decision-making should not be made considering only the dichotomized interpretation of CIs.

Training and education may enhance knowledge related to understanding and interpreting CIs.

Impaired movements and alignments may be associated with musculoskeletal conditions.

Signs of impaired alignments and movements may be seen before there are symptoms.

Treatment is based on using the findings of making the MSI diagnosis to correct the performance of daily activities.

Beliefs are an important target for the management of musculoskeletal pain.

Behavioural learning is key to elicit and disconfirm unhelpful beliefs.

We propose key principles to guide clinicians in promoting behavioural change.

A case illustrates the role beliefs have on musculoskeletal pain management.

Ergonomic modification and exercise improve discomfort for office workers.

Introduce a package of exercise training that can be used as a treatment for MSDs.

Office workers should spend at least 15min each day to do some exercises.

The study population shows high prevalence of neck pain.

The factors were widowed, income, educational level, sitting posture and diseases.

Prevention should emphasize sociodemographic, behavioral, and ergonomic factors.

Patient education, physical exercise, and weight maintenance constitute the first-line knee osteoarthritis treatment approach.

There is still neglect of evidence-based strategies in clinical practice.

Less than 40% of patients with knee OA receive first-line treatment.

The use of adjunct therapies, isolated or in association with gold-standard treatments, is questionable.

Surgery is typically a last resort for the management of knee osteoarthritis.

Our investigation has shown factors that influence physical activity.

Lack of motivation, resources, social support and fear of injury are barriers.

Socioeconomic level, marital status, education and others are predictors.

The design not allowed to calculate a causal relationship between the variables.

A representative sample of the residents of Barranquilla (Colombia), is a strength.

This study shows a high prevalence of low back pain over a one week period.

Older age, low education, hypertension and smoking were associated with back pain in men.

Occupational and ergonomic factors were associated with back pain in women.