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The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale is now available in Brazilian Portuguese.

The Brazilian Portuguese PCFS has shown adequate measurement properties.

The ecological-enactive approach to pain extends the biopsychosocial model.

Clinical reasoning and practice centers around affordances: opportunities for action.

Disabling pain is experienced as closed-off or “stuck” field of affordances.

Therapist and patient work together to make sense of pain, complexity, and uncertainty.

Together, they choose interventions aimed to “open-up” the field of affordances.

There is little guidance for physical therapists on how best to provide first line care for people with low back pain.

Providing validation to patients seems important.

The AxEL-Q is a valid and reliable tool that could help to guide physical therapy consultations.

Physical therapists could consider focusing patient education and advice on messages about cause, severity, and imaging, and in doing so remove barriers to physical activity.

Interferential current probably reduces pain intensity and disability immediately post-treatment compared to placebo in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Interferential current may reduce pain, but not disability, immediately post-treatment compared to other interventions in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Interferential current combined with other intervention (massage or exercises) may not further reduce pain intensity and disability compared to other interventions provided in isolation immediately post-treatment in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Vascular flow limitations, may occur in the presence or absence of vascular pathology.

Not all flow limitations affecting the cervico-cranial region are confined to the neck.

An understanding of the mechanisms of flow limitation may aid clinical reasoning.

‘Vascular flow limitation’ and ‘ischaemia’ are recommended for communication/triage.

Most functional impairments the patients experience improve in the short-term.

Shoulder rotation at 90° abduction continues to improve in the long-term.

Proprioception does not change in the clinical course of frozen shoulder.

Direct longitudinal correlations between functional impairments were established.

The autonomic nervous system is commonly involved in several musculoskeletal conditions.

Physical therapists need to be capable to triage for autonomic dysfunctions.

Autonomic dysfunctions are clinically of great importance as may be a “red flag”.

A step-by-step guide for autonomic nervous system physical examination is provided.

We investigated the effects of multisensory stimulation combined to standard care versus standard care alone on the length of hospital stay and weight gain in hospitalized preterm infants.

Auditory–Tactile–Visual-Vestibular intervention combined with standard care increased the total weight gain.

Tactile-Kinesthesic stimulation combined with standard care reduced the number of days at the hospital and increased the daily weight gain and the total weight gain.

Kangaroo method care combined with standard care increased the daily weight gain.

There is a weak association between running biomechanics and running-related injuries.

Very limited evidence supporting that running biomechanics is associated with injuries.

There is significant heterogeneity of methods in running biomechanics studies.

Intensive exercise in the early postoperative rehabilitation after hip fracture (up to 3 months postoperatively) is beneficial to the recovery of physical function in older adults.

Intensive exercise with more load lead to greater improvements in muscle strength, balance, and functional ability.

Older adults with cognitive impairment were not included in the studies selected for this review, conclusions about the training results may not be extended to this population.

Movement-evoked pain is a reliable measure in people with shoulder pain.

Sensitivity to movement-evoked pain index derived from the studied MEP procedure is not a reliable measure in people with shoulder pain.

Other ways of assessing sensitivity to movement-evoked pain are warranted.

Exercise trials for knee osteoarthritis are not consistently collecting and reporting information about exercise adherence.

Without information about adherence, the understanding of true treatment effect sizes of exercise for individuals with knee osteoarthritis is limited.

Only 10.2% of trials provided a predetermined threshold of adequate adherence, and outcomes did not appear to differ in those who met the threshold. However, metrics, thresholds, and comparator groups were highly heterogeneous in these trials, limiting any conclusions.

Elastic kinesiology tape (KT) has a mixed effect on active joint position sense (AJPS) of healthy shoulders (low certainty).

Elastic KT improves active or passive JPS among pathological shoulders (very low certainty).

Elastic KT has no effect on kinesthesia with subacromial pain syndrome (very low certainty).

Overall, evidence remains speculative as to the effects of elastic KT on shoulder proprioception.

There is a high variation in measuring causal beliefs about low back pain.

No measurement exists that clearly isolates causal beliefs from other belief domains.

There is a lack of studies exploring longitudinal relationships between causal beliefs and health outcomes.

Causal beliefs are just one element of a complex beliefs construct, and there is very little quantitative evidence from which its unique relevance can be judged.

Most of the cervical radiculopathy studies included physical examination in their reference standard, potentially leading to a risk of confirmation bias.

Included studies varied in reported test procedures and positive diagnostic criteria.

Based on our findings we proposed a more standardised test procedure for the ULTT1 with accompanying criteria for when the test is positive to facilitate homogeneity in future diagnostic accuracy studies of the ULTT.