It is unclear which physical therapy modality works best for patients with PVD.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is effective in managing PVD on its own.

Hydrotherapy combined with exercise was also effective in managing PVD.

Different exercises produce similar musculoskeletal adaptations.

The difference in biological adaptations is related to the total work performed.

Clinical trials compare exercises without adjusting for total work.

Aerobic exercise: Total work can be calculated using duration and activity load variables.

Strength training: Total work can be calculated using the sets, time under tension, and load.

Neck pain has less impact on daily activities compared to migraine headaches.

Neck pain is uncomfortable for patients with migraine in their daily lives.

Posture, emotions, and headache are believed to be the causal factors of neck pain.

Patients with migraine have difficulty understanding how to manage neck pain.

Healthcare professionals should assess symptoms other than headache in migraine.

Older cyclists and males have a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of hEAMC.

EAMC in cyclists affects mainly the quadriceps muscles.

EAMC in cyclists occurs mainly in the 4th quarter during a race.

Risk factors for hEAMC: experience, chronic disease, allergies, medications, past injury.

DiTA is a physical therapy-related online diagnostic test accuracy literature database.

Users in almost every country in the world have accessed DiTA; Brazil ranks 1st.

User experience was assessed with 25 typical users through search tasks and surveys.

DiTA could be learnt quickly and scored above usability average (62nd percentile).

DiTA’s content was its most appealing feature but some functions confused users.

The majority of the sample had an internal locus of control.

There was no significant change in the locus at baseline and endpoint of observation.

Locus, treatment, and interaction between them are not predictors of pain and functional ability.

The locus did not influence the global perceived effect.

The prevalence of sarcopenia was 21.3 %.

The SARCCalF was better at identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.

The SARCCalF demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the SARC-F.

Low-intensity exercise reduces hyperalgesia via µ-opioid receptor activation.

Exercise reduces escape latency in MCAS, improving cognitive pain response.

Naloxone blocked the analgesic and cognitive effects induced by exercise.

Exercise decreased IL-4 and BDNF in the PFC; naloxone prevented these reductions.

In the brainstem, naloxone reduced IL-4, IL-10, and BDNF levels.

The Brazilian PIPP-R applied at beside was reliable.

The Brazilian PIPP-R demonstrated excellent internal consistency.

The Brazilian PIPP-R demonstrated outstanding intra- and inter-examiner reliability.

The Brazilian PIPP-R effectively detected pain-related changes.

Vertical jump power shows high sensitivity and specificity in sarcopenia screening.

Vertical jump test applies mainly to older adults with good mobility.

Handgrip strength was more accurate than the time-based chair stand test.

Estimated power from the chair stand test outperformed time in sarcopenia diagnosis.

Power tests show promise for sarcopenia, but handgrip strength remains most accurate.