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Beliefs are an important target for the management of musculoskeletal pain.

Behavioural learning is key to elicit and disconfirm unhelpful beliefs.

We propose key principles to guide clinicians in promoting behavioural change.

A case illustrates the role beliefs have on musculoskeletal pain management.

Patient education, physical exercise, and weight maintenance constitute the first-line knee osteoarthritis treatment approach.

There is still neglect of evidence-based strategies in clinical practice.

Less than 40% of patients with knee OA receive first-line treatment.

The use of adjunct therapies, isolated or in association with gold-standard treatments, is questionable.

Surgery is typically a last resort for the management of knee osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis promoted distinct modulation on MMP-2 in the quadriceps versus patellar tendon.

There is peri-articular tissue adaptation to resistance training in osteoarthritis.

Resistance training downregulates MMP-2 in quadriceps tendon, while in the patellar tendon its effects are limited.

Understanding extracellular matrix degeneration is crucial for rehabilitation purposes of osteoarthritis.

The OSTRC-BR is a valid and reliable tool for monitoring health problems in athletes with similar characteristics of this study population.

Adequate values of reliability and responsiveness were observed.

Researchers and clinicians can use the OSTRC-BR either to collect data for research or in practice as part of a health problem monitoring system in Brazilian sport populations.

The JH-HLM has excellent reliability when used by physical therapists in the ICU.

The JH-HLM has excellent reliability across several types of ICUs.

Trained physical therapists can use the JH-HLM to reliably measure observed patient mobility in the ICU.

In recent years virtual reality (VR) has been used alone and as an adjunct intervention in the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy (CP).

VR plus conventional rehabilitation can improve upper limb function and lower limb strength in patients with CP.

VR alone is no better than other treatments to improve upper and lower limb function in patients with CP.

VR alone can improve postural control, balance, and lower limb function in patients with CP.

Further research is needed to better define the effectiveness of VR in patients with CP.

Most Brazilian physical therapists do not use the recommended criteria for return to sport after ACLR.

Specialty certification in sports physical therapy contributes to the use of the recommended criteria.

Psychological factors associated with ACLR are neglected by most Brazilian physical therapists.

Most Brazilian physical therapists do not use functional questionnaires after ACLR.

This study will apply scapular movement training in individuals with shoulder pain.

Scapular kinematics, EMG and clinical outcomes will be assessed.

Results will contribute to the evidence-based practice of scapular focused-approach.

Back-PAQ-Br is a questionnaire that evaluates attitudes and beliefs about back pain

Back-PAQ-Br has measurement properties that are similar to the original version

Back-PAQ-Br is reliable and valid to assess attitudes and beliefs about back pain

Back-PAQ-Br can assess people with and without back pain, and healthcare professionals

Back-PAQ-Br can be used in research and in the clinical setting

The SBST can be used to stratify baseline characteristics in patients with chronic LBP.

Outcomes over a 6-month period were consistently greater in high risk patients.

The SBST itself predicts disability in both short and medium terms.

The SBST does not add predictive value to basic baseline characteristics.

Clinical diagnosis influences beliefs about pain and daily activity levels.

Health professional approach and discourse can generate a nocebo effect.

Patients believe on the relation between lumbar structural changes and pain.

There is a strong influence of the biomedical model on patients` beliefs.

Patients having breast reconstruction are not routinely referred to physical therapy

The main reason for referral to physical therapy are complications after surgery

Current practice does not consider limitations specific to each reconstruction type

Patients in Brazil have three times more appointments compared to the UK

Self-management support is person-centred care reinforcing patient autonomy.

Avoid strong clinician control and help patients developing self-efficacy.

Let patients’ value-based goals and shared decisions guide management.

Help patients make sense of symptoms and reframe unhelpful perspectives.

Use supervised exercises as a tool to practice problem-solving skills

Therapeutic ultrasound (US) is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment in rehabilitation focused on pain management.

Therapeutic US may provide benefits for knee osteoarthritis, but its isolated effects have not been systematically assessed.

High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of therapeutic US for knee osteoarthritis.

146 patients were rehabilitated by a mobile health program after arthroplasty

Physical activity (PA) was recorded each day by means of fitness trackers

Patient reached their pre-operative physical activity level at 7-week post-surgery

This study identified predictors for physical activity recovery

mHealth apps offer potential to assist the self-management of UI.

Apps for UI in Brazil are not credible and need major improvements.

None of the apps were used as an intervention in a RCT.