Diagnosis is designed to improve communication and documentation about a patient's condition and should help refine treatment options for patients. A diagnosis allows clinicians to “cross-talk” and reduce variability of care.

Higher order thinking is a form of thinking and learning that requires greater cognitive processing and indirectly requires different forms of learning beyond memorization, facts and, concepts. Higher order thinking occurs after one makes a diagnosis.

Diagnostic metrics are either internal (in that they provide information about the test only) or external (in that they provide information about post-test decision making). The best tests influence post-test decision making.

Overdiagnosis may lead to overtreatment. A caveat exists that over-pursuing diagnoses may lead to worse outcomes.

Within a diagnosis are specific phenotypes. Thus, multiple patients may have a single diagnosis but present markedly differently and respond to different outcomes.

Interval training is an interesting strategy in increasing aerobic capacity.

In patients with heart failure the use of combined interval training may effective in increasing VO2peak.

Interval training combined with resistance training can maximize treatment time.

Maximize treatment time is an aspect that has been important in the choice of interventions.

Training combined showed more effective in improving VO2peak in patients with heart failure.

Variability exists in the duration of ipsilesional and contralesional cortical silent period durations in children with congenital hemiparesis.

EMG breakthrough activity was consistently observed during ipsilesional CSP assessment.

The amplitude of ipsilesional EMG breakthrough was higher than contralesional EMG breakthrough.

Knee extensor torque complexity is reduced in the presence of frailty syndrome.

Frail participants showed a reduction in body mass, peak knee extensor torque and decreased physical performance.

The relationship between complexity and force levels was similar in all groups.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome patients had losses in hip muscle strength.

Flexion and rotation movements are reduced in FAI syndrome patients.

Reduced hip strength and motion should be considered during rehabilitation programs.

Education, joint stabilization, and myofascial release were most used for patellar tendinopathy rehabilitation.

Quadriceps eccentrics, education, joint stabilization and lumbo-pelvic stabilization and hamstrings stretching were frequently used for patellar tendinopathy prevention.

Brazilian physical therapists consider pain, function and functional test results to discharge an athlete.

Our results revealed an inconsistency between interventions used in clinical practice and interventions recommended by the best available evidence.

Glittre-ADL test minimal important difference (MID) is −0.38min in COPD patients.

Glittre-ADL test's MID reflects the changes in functional capacity.

Two tests are necessary for interpretation of changes induced by pulmonary rehabilitation.

Personal and environmental context influence affected arm use of stroke survivors.

Rural stroke survivors have limited awareness and knowledge of active functional task practice.

For recovery of the affected upper extremity, many stroke survivors rely on passive recovery methods.

Self-engagement in active functional task practice is facilitated by an enriched home environment and perception of ongoing recovery.

Seven cervical sensorimotor control tests measure different skills.

Tests cannot be grouped according to the subsystems of sensorimotor control.

Clinicians have to perform each test, as each test provides unique information.

This study shows a high prevalence of low back pain over a one week period.

Older age, low education, hypertension and smoking were associated with back pain in men.

Occupational and ergonomic factors were associated with back pain in women.