We explore how fear and avoidance can be learned and lead to disability.

We explore the fear learning theory to physical therapy clinical practice.

We discuss behavioral frameworks to address movement-related fear and avoidance.

We illustrate practical application through a patient case study.

Resistance training was the only therapeutic exercise (TE) approach that showed clinical relevance, in the short and long term, to reduce pain intensity in women with fibromyalgia, showing a moderately important improvement (>30 %).

In the short term, aquatic exercise was the most effective approach to reduce pain intensity, so it could be an appropriate option to start a TE program in women with fibromyalgia.

These findings could contribute to a change in the current paradigm on TE prescription in fibromyalgia, because the “gold standard” recommendation of aerobic exercise should be replaced by other more effective approaches.

The results provide a valuable tool for decision making when choosing the most appropriate TE approach according to the patient's characteristics and preferences, because it is a key factor in improving adherence to treatment.

HIIT improves peak VO2 and should be considered as a component of care of patients with coronary artery disease.

An important caveat is uncertainty and variation of actual training intensities compared to program targets.

The superiority of HIIT over MICT in improving VO2peak disappeared when analysis was restricted to isocaloric protocols.

Chronic pain care must shift to a biopsychosocial model focused on functionality.

Interdisciplinary work is essential in the management of chronic pain.

Exercise in active coping strategy should consider psychosocial, emotional, and contextual factors.

Reduced hip flexion ROM is associated with worse symptoms in patients with FAI syndrome.

Patients with hip flexion ROM ≥107° had a lower chance of having severe symptoms.

The increase in the iHOT-symptoms score attenuated at 120° of hip flexion ROM.

The association between hip internal rotation ROM and symptoms was not relevant.

Hip external rotation ROM and symptoms were not associated.

The DC/TMD was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese.

Brazilian TMD Pain Screener is valid and reliable.

Brazilian DC/TMD Axis I is reliable for painful TMDs diagnosis.

Women with infertility benefit from exercise.

Social media was the primary source of information for exercise.

Barriers and facilitators to exercise must be considered by physical therapists.

Physical therapists felt adding a diet to standard exercise intervention enabled care.

Physical therapists were grateful for trial support when overseeing a diet intervention.

They felt weight loss may be within scope of practice if other experts were involved.

Outcomes of the HRET are influenced by personal characteristics.

Female sex, higher BMI, and low activity level link to lower HRET metrics.

Normative values may help track recovery and guide rehabilitation plans.

Online tool for HRET estimates available at: www.achillestendontool.com/HRET.

Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are options for heart failure treatment in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CoR, low CoE).

Supervised moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) may be more effective than low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients (CoR, very low CoE).

High-intensity inspiratory muscle training (HI-IMT) improves inspiratory muscle strength/endurance in heart failure patients (CoR, very low CoE).

Aerobic training (AT) plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) offers no extra benefit over AT alone for heart failure patients (CoR, low CoE).

NMES is more effective than NMES placebo or usual activities for heart failure patients (CoR, low CoE).