Chronic pain care must shift to a biopsychosocial model focused on functionality.

Interdisciplinary work is essential in the management of chronic pain.

Exercise in active coping strategy should consider psychosocial, emotional, and contextual factors.

We explore how fear and avoidance can be learned and lead to disability.

We explore the fear learning theory to physical therapy clinical practice.

We discuss behavioral frameworks to address movement-related fear and avoidance.

We illustrate practical application through a patient case study.

Resistance training was the only therapeutic exercise (TE) approach that showed clinical relevance, in the short and long term, to reduce pain intensity in women with fibromyalgia, showing a moderately important improvement (>30 %).

In the short term, aquatic exercise was the most effective approach to reduce pain intensity, so it could be an appropriate option to start a TE program in women with fibromyalgia.

These findings could contribute to a change in the current paradigm on TE prescription in fibromyalgia, because the “gold standard” recommendation of aerobic exercise should be replaced by other more effective approaches.

The results provide a valuable tool for decision making when choosing the most appropriate TE approach according to the patient's characteristics and preferences, because it is a key factor in improving adherence to treatment.

Outcomes of the HRET are influenced by personal characteristics.

Female sex, higher BMI, and low activity level link to lower HRET metrics.

Normative values may help track recovery and guide rehabilitation plans.

Online tool for HRET estimates available at: www.achillestendontool.com/HRET.

Pain phenotypes responsible for persistent shoulder pain can be complex and dynamic.

Presentation of shoulder pain phenotype assessment and clinical reasoning.

Knowledge gaps on characteristics of patients per specific shoulder pain phenotype.

Physical therapists can proficiently deliver motivational interviewing (MI)

MI produced a small increase in physical activity compared to minimal intervention.

Usual-care physical therapy may sufficiently address health-related behaviour change.

MI may be most beneficial for patients not actively receiving physical therapy care.

Physical therapy assistance during labor increases the chances of vaginal delivery.

Physical therapy assistance during labor reduces the risk of a cesarean delivery.

Physical therapy assistance during labor reduces the intensity of pain and maternal anxiety.

Physical therapy assistance during labor reduces the risk of perineal laceration, and reduces the need for pharmacological analgesia.

Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are options for heart failure treatment in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CoR, low CoE).

Supervised moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) may be more effective than low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients (CoR, very low CoE).

High-intensity inspiratory muscle training (HI-IMT) improves inspiratory muscle strength/endurance in heart failure patients (CoR, very low CoE).

Aerobic training (AT) plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) offers no extra benefit over AT alone for heart failure patients (CoR, low CoE).

NMES is more effective than NMES placebo or usual activities for heart failure patients (CoR, low CoE).

There is evidence against the existence of the setting phase of the scapula.

There is evidence against the constant 3:1 humerothoracic scapulohumeral rhythm.

There is a great variability in scapular kinematics in healthy individuals.

Exercise is a fundamental component in treating type 2 diabetes.

The glycemic response to a single exercise session differs based on exercise type.

Continuous aerobic exercise reduces glycemia up to 10 min after its completion.

Interval aerobic exercise reduces glycemia up to 30 min after its completion.

Resistance exercise reduces glycemia up to 1 min after its completion.

The DC/TMD was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese.

Brazilian TMD Pain Screener is valid and reliable.

Brazilian DC/TMD Axis I is reliable for painful TMDs diagnosis.

Chronic pain and hypertension (HTN) are intertwined global health challenges, with substantial societal and economic burdens.

Evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and HTN, influenced by shared risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, poor sleep quality, and mental health conditions.

Physical therapists (PTs) can play a pivotal role in managing patients with chronic pain and HTN through evidence-informed screening, assessment, and interventions.

The proposed framework integrates biopsychosocial models for personalized pain management and emphasizes blood pressure monitoring for safe, effective interventions.

Cervical flexion posture during smartphone use was not a risk factor for neck pain;.

Low sleep quality was a risk factor for neck pain;.

Insufficient levels of physical activity were a risk factor for neck pain.

HIIT improves peak VO2 and should be considered as a component of care of patients with coronary artery disease.

An important caveat is uncertainty and variation of actual training intensities compared to program targets.

The superiority of HIIT over MICT in improving VO2peak disappeared when analysis was restricted to isocaloric protocols.

Individuals with AT have impaired ankle plantar flexion endurance and hip extension strength.

Individuals with AT have decreased performance during hop tests.

Clinicians-friendly measures can identify impairments in individuals with AT.

Small associations were seen with pitching mechanics and elbow torque when controlling for pitch velocity. This suggests that varus torques can potentially be reduced while maintaining pitch velocity.

Optimizing pitching efficiency by improving small aspects throughout the delivery will likely lead to increased coaching effectiveness vs attempting to find one variable.

Differences in association were seen in pelvic rotational velocity and thoracic rotational velocity, suggesting potential ramifications for the oblique musculature in force generation. This is an area for further research and focus.

PCS showed adequate validity for assessing individuals with chronic RCRSP.

PCS showed adequate reliability for assessing individuals with chronic RCRSP.

PCS showed adequate responsiveness for assessing individuals with chronic RCRSP.

The guideline establishes a consensus on anatomical terminology, signs/symptoms, and assessment of pelvic floor (PF) muscles in women, based on a systematic literature review, involving 21 Women's Health/Pelvic Floor experts.

Clearly defined PF terminology in Brazilian Portuguese enhances clinical and scientific discussions by eliminating ambiguity.

The guideline is expected to be widely used from undergraduate education to the evaluation and treatment of PF dysfunctions in research and clinical practice.