Beliefs are an important target for the management of musculoskeletal pain.

Behavioural learning is key to elicit and disconfirm unhelpful beliefs.

We propose key principles to guide clinicians in promoting behavioural change.

A case illustrates the role beliefs have on musculoskeletal pain management.

Physical therapists’ use of recommended care has not changed since 1990s.

Physical therapists’ use of treatments of unknown value appears to be increasing.

One explanation for these trends is the challenge of keeping up to date with evidence.

Other explanations include increased exposure to treatments of unknown value and not seeing value in research.

Strategies to replace non-recommended care with recommended care are needed.

It is hypothesized that Kinesio Taping® can change muscle activity in patients with low back pain.

The Kinesio Taping® technique did not change the electromyographic signal intensity of the longissimus and iliocostalis muscles or reduce pain intensity in patients with chronic low back pain.

More research on mechanisms of action is needed.

Self-management support is person-centred care reinforcing patient autonomy.

Avoid strong clinician control and help patients developing self-efficacy.

Let patients’ value-based goals and shared decisions guide management.

Help patients make sense of symptoms and reframe unhelpful perspectives.

Use supervised exercises as a tool to practice problem-solving skills

Most posts on Instagram and Twitter about physical therapy interventions do not cite information sources.

Most profiles present potential conflicts of interest.

Very few posts aimed to facilitate knowledge acquisition.

Physical therapists should consume information from social media with caution.

Content producers should consider means to facilitate knowledge translation.

The AIMS normative age scale is appropriate for Brazilian infants.

The sequence of gross motor development for Brazilian infants is similar to Canadian infants.

Ages of attainment vary for some items between samples.

Education, joint stabilization, and myofascial release were most used for patellar tendinopathy rehabilitation.

Quadriceps eccentrics, education, joint stabilization and lumbo-pelvic stabilization and hamstrings stretching were frequently used for patellar tendinopathy prevention.

Brazilian physical therapists consider pain, function and functional test results to discharge an athlete.

Our results revealed an inconsistency between interventions used in clinical practice and interventions recommended by the best available evidence.

Guideline adherence for low back pain is very low among physical therapy students.

Fourth year students show more biopsychosocial beliefs and more guideline adherent recommendations than 2nd-year students.

Biomedical beliefs are associated with poor adherence to evidence based guidelines.

A personal history of low back pain is not associated with beliefs or attitudes.

Diagnosis is designed to improve communication and documentation about a patient's condition and should help refine treatment options for patients. A diagnosis allows clinicians to “cross-talk” and reduce variability of care.

Higher order thinking is a form of thinking and learning that requires greater cognitive processing and indirectly requires different forms of learning beyond memorization, facts and, concepts. Higher order thinking occurs after one makes a diagnosis.

Diagnostic metrics are either internal (in that they provide information about the test only) or external (in that they provide information about post-test decision making). The best tests influence post-test decision making.

Overdiagnosis may lead to overtreatment. A caveat exists that over-pursuing diagnoses may lead to worse outcomes.

Within a diagnosis are specific phenotypes. Thus, multiple patients may have a single diagnosis but present markedly differently and respond to different outcomes.