The Remnant Quilombo Communities are formed by descendants of enslaved black people and maintain a system of social organization related to their ancestry. This population group has presented situations of vulnerability since the historical process of enslavement, resulting in social and health inequalities. This reality highlights the need for studies that verify the use of health services by people living in the quilombola territory and thus make it possible to meet the health care priorities of this population.

To verify the sociodemographic characteristics and the profile of use of health services by people living in the quilombola territory.

Cross-sectional and quantitative field study. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed and applied to 85 randomly selected households, where one resident responded for all residents of the household. The eligibility criteria were households registered with the ESF and age over 18 years.

The sample consisted of 154 quilombola people. The majority were female, married, aged between 18 and 59 years, and had < 8 years of education. It was observed that 68.8% of the participants did not use the health service. Among those who used the health services, the main reason was to continue treatment, for medical consultation and to seek care at the Basic Health Unit.

The low use of health services may be associated with factors such as turnover and shortage of health professionals in rural areas, in addition to individual behavior, which can be evaluated in other studies in the quilombola territory.

The unique needs of this population must be understood in order to expand the supply and use of health services. The need for physiotherapists to work in the promotion, prevention and treatment of the health-disease process in the quilombola territory is highlighted.