Chronic back pain (CHP) is a prevalent condition in the general population and has been associated with socioeconomic, clinical, and health factors. Despite this, studies with elderly people involving all regions of Brazil are not yet available.

To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with chronic back pain in elderly Brazilians.

This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the 2019 National Health Survey, with 23,144 people aged 60 years or older. The factors associated with CHD were established based on the estimates of odds ratios by the binary logistic regression model, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 27.0.

The prevalence of CHD among elderly Brazilians corresponded to 31.1% (95% CI: 31.0-31.1). The following variables were consolidated as associated factors: male sex (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.87-0.89), age group from 70 to 79 years (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.15-1.16) and 80 years and over (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.15-1.17); lack of education (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.06-1.07), 1 to 4 years of education (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.45-1.48), 5 to 8 years of education (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.93-0.96); income of up to 1 minimum wage (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.40-1.43), 1 to 2 minimum wages (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.28-1.31); absence of partner (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.15-1.16); perception of health as regular (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.60-0.62) and poor/very poor (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.25-1.27); sleep problems (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.84-0.86); presence of multimorbidities (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.73-0.74); use of medications (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 3.14-3.20); dependence for basic (OR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.39-0.40) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.18-1.20); body mass index (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.02-1.02); depression (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.18-1.20); and occurrence of falls (OR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.62-0.63).

The prevalence of CHD was high and associated with socioeconomic, clinical, and health variables.

The results shown may provide support for the implementation of health actions aimed at elderly Brazilians.