Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries in soccer and is associated with persistent functional deficits, affecting mobility, dynamic balance, and neuromuscular control. Despite its high prevalence, there is still a gap in understanding the long-term implications of LAS on the physical performance of young athletes. Assessing these parameters is crucial to optimizing rehabilitation strategies and injury prevention.

To compare mobility, neuromuscular control, and dynamic balance in under-20 soccer players with and without a history of LAS.

This is an observational, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted with 75 under-20 athletes (46 with a history of LAS and 29 without). Data collection included anthropometric and functional assessments using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) questionnaires, as well as functional tests such as the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT), Hop Test, and Y Balance Test (YBT).

Athletes with a history of LAS showed significantly lower neuromuscular control and dynamic balance. The LAS group performed worse in the Triple Hop Test for the right lower limb (mean difference = -25.42 cm; 95% CI: -45.63 to -5.21; p = 0.018; Cohen’s d = 0.67). In the Y Balance Test, the anterior reach of the right lower limb was lower in the LAS group (mean difference = -2.91 cm; 95% CI: -5.78 to -0.04; p = 0.046; Cohen’s d = 0.54). Additionally, ankle mobility, assessed by the WBLT, was lower in the LAS group (mean difference = -2.37°; 95% CI: -4.53 to -0.21; p = 0.031; Cohen’s d = 0.49). The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool questionnaire indicated lower stability in the LAS group for the right lower limb (mean difference = -2.38 points; 95% CI: -3.95 to -0.81; p = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 0.74) and for the left lower limb (mean difference = -1.78 points; 95% CI: -3.01 to -0.55; p = 0.005; Cohen’s d = 0.61). The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire indicated poorer functionality in daily and sports activities (p < 0.05).

The findings highlight persistent functional deficits in mobility, dynamic balance, and neuromuscular control among athletes with a history of LAS. These deficits may contribute to a higher risk of re-injury and impaired sports performance. Identifying these deficiencies allows for targeted interventions in rehabilitation, injury prevention, and performance optimization.

This study reinforces the importance of implementing preventive and rehabilitative strategies for young soccer players with a history of LAS. Addressing deficits in mobility, balance, and neuromuscular control may improve performance and reduce recurrence rates. Integrating these assessments into sports routines can enhance clinical decision-making in physiotherapy, supporting long-term athletic development and injury prevention programs.