Share
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1413355518306129" "issn" => "14133555" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.03.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-05-01" "aid" => "223" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24:264-72" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1340 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 81 "HTML" => 939 "PDF" => 320 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1413355518306336" "issn" => "14133555" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.04.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-05-01" "aid" => "230" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24:273-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 505 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 63 "HTML" => 221 "PDF" => 221 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Research</span>" "titulo" => "Quantifying acromiohumeral distance in elite male field hockey players compared to a non-athletic population" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "273" "paginaFinal" => "279" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 785 "Ancho" => 1300 "Tamanyo" => 78181 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AHD measurement on the ultrasound image.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fran Vanderstukken, Annelies Maenhout, Valentien Spanhove, Nick Jansen, Tom Mertens, Ann Marcelle Cools" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fran" "apellidos" => "Vanderstukken" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Annelies" "apellidos" => "Maenhout" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Valentien" "apellidos" => "Spanhove" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nick" "apellidos" => "Jansen" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tom" "apellidos" => "Mertens" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ann Marcelle" "apellidos" => "Cools" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With active abduction, field hockey players have a larger AHD than controls</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AHD measurement may help decide who could benefit from AHD enlarging exercises</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subacromial space enlargement may add to shoulder tenability and injury prevention. Targeting athletes with smaller acromiohumeral distance(s) with specific exercises may contribute to the tenability of the shoulder and add to shoulder injury prevention.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1413355518306336?idApp=UINPBA00007O" "url" => "/14133555/0000002400000003/v1_202005231902/S1413355518306336/v1_202005231902/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1413355518305306" "issn" => "14133555" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.03.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-05-01" "aid" => "224" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24:256-63" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1118 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 70 "HTML" => 754 "PDF" => 294 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Research</span>" "titulo" => "The influence of isokinetic peak torque and muscular power on the functional performance of active and inactive community-dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional study" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "256" "paginaFinal" => "263" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2333 "Ancho" => 2455 "Tamanyo" => 245102 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sample selection flowchart.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Tayla Gomes de Moura, Cristiane de Almeida Nagata, Patrícia Azevedo Garcia" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tayla Gomes de" "apellidos" => "Moura" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristiane de Almeida" "apellidos" => "Nagata" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patrícia Azevedo" "apellidos" => "Garcia" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exercise practice influences the functional performance of community-dwelling elderly.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Torque and power of the knee is related to the functional performance of the elderly.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quadriceps torque and power influence the functional performance of inactive elderly.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The power of hamstrings influences the functional performance of active elderly.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1413355518305306?idApp=UINPBA00007O" "url" => "/14133555/0000002400000003/v1_202005231902/S1413355518305306/v1_202005231902/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Research</span>" "titulo" => "The London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale cut-off point to discriminate functional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "264" "paginaFinal" => "272" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Aline Almeida Gulart, Anelise Bauer Munari, Suelen Roberta Klein, Raysa Silva Venâncio, Hellen Fontão Alexandre, Anamaria Fleig Mayer" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Aline Almeida" "apellidos" => "Gulart" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Anelise Bauer" "apellidos" => "Munari" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Suelen Roberta" "apellidos" => "Klein" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Raysa Silva" "apellidos" => "Venâncio" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hellen Fontão" "apellidos" => "Alexandre" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Anamaria Fleig" "apellidos" => "Mayer" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "anamaria.mayer@udesc.br" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Center for Assistance, Teaching and Research in Pulmonary Rehabilitation (NuReab), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at: Núcleo de Assistência, Ensino e Pesquisa em Reabilitação Pulmonar (NuReab), UDESC, Rua Pascoal Simone 358, CEP 88080-350, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3537 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 276691 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Receiver operating characteristic curves for the percentage of the total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>) cut-off point to discriminate the functional status of patients with COPD. (A) Modified Medical Research Council Scale (mMRC) ≥2 and <2: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>72%; area under the curve (AUC)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.80 (95%CI: 0.69–0.91); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001. (B) Six-minute walk test (6MWT) ≥82%pred and <82%pred: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.62 (95%CI: 0.48–0.76); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.13. (C) ≥4580 steps/day and <4580 steps/day: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.70 (95%CI: 0.57–0.84); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.007. (D) Time ≥80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day and <80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day in physical activities ≥3 METs: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.67 (95%CI: 0.53–0.80); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introduction</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the impaired functional status is related to the increased risk of exacerbations, hospitalizations and death.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Improving the functional status is one of the main objectives of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs (PRP) and, therefore, its evaluation is essential.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> It is recommended the choose of instruments with well-established measurement properties<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and which have interpretability criteria, as the cut-off point that discriminates patients with better or worse outcome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> Similarly, the easy applicability and low cost are important features to be considered when choosing an instrument for use in clinical practice, which can be obtained by using questionnaires and scales.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL) is valid and reliable to assess the functional limitation in patients with COPD due to dyspnea,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a> as well as being responsive to changes with PRP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The scale has four domains distributed into 15 items with each item scored from 0 to 5, and higher scores mean greater functional limitation. From the summation of the scores, a total score (LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>) is obtained, and the larger the score is, the greater the patient's functional limitation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However, the items with a “0” score (i.e. activities that the patients have never performed because they never had to do the activity or consider it irrelevant) can reduce LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, overestimating their functional status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The percentage of the total score (LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>) was created to establish a more reliable and sensitive measure, disregarding the activities with score “0”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Although previous studies have shown that LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> correlated better than LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> with body-mass index, airflow obstruction dyspnea and exercise capacity index (BODE), forced expiratory volume in the first second, six-minute walk test (6MWT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and Glittre Activity of Daily Living-test,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,11,12</span></a> it is not known whether this association also occurs with other important outcomes, such as health status, health-related quality of life and level of physical activity in daily life (PADL).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Simon et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> proposed a cut-off point of 50% for LCADL using the BODE index as the anchor. However, although the BODE includes instruments that evaluate constructs related to functional status, this index raises the risk of death. Therefore, there is still no cut-off point for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> capable of discriminating functional status of patients with COPD. Also, only the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> provides minimal detectable change.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> However, the interpretation of improvement of functional status post-PRP using LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> may not be reliable, but no papers have been found to confirm it.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, the study's primary objective was to determine the cut-off point for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> in order to better discriminate functional status. Second, to determine which of the scores (total or %total) was more closely associated with lung function, dyspnea, health-related quality of life, health status, functional status, and PADL level, as well as better reflecting the change in functional status and other outcomes in COPD; and third, to analyze the agreement between LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> in the interpretation of PRP effects on the functional status of patients with COPD.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Methods</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was cross-sectional, approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (CAAE: 80831117.5.0000.0118). Patients with COPD, referred to the Center for Assistance, Teaching and Research in Pulmonary Rehabilitation (NuReab), with clinical diagnosis of COPD and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification II-IV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>; ages 40–80 years; with clinical stability in the last month before the initiation of the protocol; and those with optimized medication participated in the study. The exclusion criteria were: exacerbation of COPD during the protocol; associated disabling diseases and other respiratory conditions; hospitalization in the 12 weeks before the initiation of the protocol; participation in PRP over the past six months; and active smoking or stopped for less than six months prior to this study. A subgroup who completed the PRP was included in the analysis of the improvement in functional status interpretation. The exclusion criteria for this analysis were: conditions other than COPD that might compromise the physical training progression; interruption of PRP for any reason; and severe exacerbation of COPD. All patients signed a consent form.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The evaluation protocol was composed of four days. In the first day, spirometry was performed and the COPD Assessment Test, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, mMRC and LCADL were completed. On the second day, the 6MWT was performed and on the third and fourth day, the PADL was monitored.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The EasyOne portable spirometer (NDD Medical Technologies®, Switzerland) was used for spirometry, with calibration checked before each evaluation. The American Throracic Society/European Respiratory Society<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> recommendations and the reference equations for the Brazilian population were used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Health status was assessed using the COPD Assessment Test. For the analysis, the total score was considered and the higher the score, the greater the impact of COPD on the patient's health status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> To evaluate the quality of life-related to respiratory disease, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire was used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The total score and the score in each domain were considered for the analyses and the higher the score, the worse the quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The mMRC was applied to evaluate the dyspnea on exertion and the higher the score, the worse the dyspnea . Patients were divided into two groups: mMRC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><2 and mMRC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥2.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two 6MWT were performed on the same day as recommended,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> with a minimum interval of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min between tests. The best values for the distance in meters and percentage of predicted (%pred)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> were considered for the analyses. Patients were categorized as abnormal (<82 %pred) and normal (≥82 %pred) functional capacity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients used a triaxial accelerometer (DynaPort MiniMod, McRoberts BV, The Netherlands) by 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of two consecutive days, starting after awakening.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> The mean of two days was used for analysis. The time spent in PADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><1.5 METs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥8.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h/day<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> was considered sedentary. The level of physical (in)activity was classified based on an 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day cut-off point in PADL ≥3 METs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> For the classification of severe physical inactivity, the number of steps per day (<4580 steps/day)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> was considered. The data was read and processed using the MiRA2 software (McRoberts BV, The Netherlands).</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The BODE index was calculated to identify the risk of death.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL)</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The LCADL evaluates the limitation to perform activities of daily living by dyspnea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a> and looks at four domains: self-care, domestic, physical and leisure. It is composed of 15 items, which are scored by the patient as follows: 0 (I do not perform this activity because I never had to do it or it is irrelevant), 1 (I do not feel any breathless when performing this activity), 2 (I feel moderate breathless when performing this activity), 3 (I feel a lot of breathless in doing this activity), 4 (I cannot perform this activity due to breathless and I have no one who can do the activity for me) or 5 (I cannot perform this activity anymore and I need someone to do it for me or help me because of breathless). The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> were used for the analyses.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP)</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A subgroup of patients participated in a PRP of 24 sessions based on physical training and education, three times a week, as recommended by American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The program included continuous aerobic treadmill training (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min with intensity determined by the modified Borg scale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> between 4 and 6) and localized training for upper limbs using free weights or elastic bands (two sets, lasting 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of each modified diagonal of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method) and lower limbs (quadriceps and triceps sural) using free weights and/or the extensor chair (2 sets of 10 repetitions) and global stretch training (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s for each muscle group). Immediately post-PRP, the patients were reassessed using the COPD Assessment Test, the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, the mMRC, the 6MWT, the PADL and the LCADL.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size was calculated using the MedCalc software 17.1 and an area under the curve of 0.70<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> was expected. With a bidirectional alpha of 0.05 and 80% power, a sample size of 60 patients was estimated.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SPSS Statistics 20.0 software was used for data processing. A significance level of 5% was adopted. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to analyze the data distribution. The Spearman correlation coefficient was adopted to verify if there was any correlation of LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> with other variables. The correlation coefficient was classified as: weak (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.3), moderate (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.50), strong (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.70) and perfect (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Also, patients were compared for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> in pre-PRP, based on the following values for 6MWT (≥82 and <82 %pred),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> mMRC (<2 and ≥2), physical (in)activity (≥80 and <80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day in PADL ≥3 METs)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and severe physical inactivity (≥4580 and <4580 steps/day)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> using the Mann–Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Determination of a cut-off point for LCADL</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables related to functional status were used as anchors to determine the cut-off point for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>, which achieved the following criteria: (1) correlation ≥0.3 with LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>; and (2) classifications capable of distinguishing patients in relation to LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>. The most sensitive and specific cut-off point in the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> that discriminated the patients functional status was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> with the following four anchors: 6MWT, mMRC, level of physical (in)activity and presence/absence of severe physical inactivity. The area under the curve was calculated for each anchor. To verify whether these classifications were associated with the classification based on the cut-off point found for the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>, the Chi-square was used. The associations strength was demonstrated by Cramer's V coefficient. Considering the cut-off point found in the receiver operating characteristic curve, the patients were classified into two groups and compared for the following variables: PADL, 6MWT, mMRC, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test and BODE, using the Mann–Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Interpretation of change in functional status post-PRP</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Wilcoxon test was used to compare LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> between pre-PRP and post-PRP moments. The patients were classified according the change in functional status, using LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>: without changes (post-PRP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pre-PRP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0), worsening (post-PRP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pre-PRP) and improvement (post-PRP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pre-PRP). The agreement between LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> for change in functional status was tested using Kappa agreement analysis and interpreted as previously described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Also, a qualitative and descriptive analysis of changes in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> post-PRP was performed.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 66 patients potentially eligible. Five were excluded due to COPD exacerbation during the protocol. Thus, 61 patients (47 men) completed the study. Ten patients presented moderate impairment of pulmonary function, 28 severe and 23 very severe impairment. According to the BODE classification, 22 patients were classified in the quartile I, 22 in the quartile II, 12 in the quartile III and five in the quartile IV. The sample characteristics are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty-four patients reported a “0” score for at least one of the LCADL items. The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> had higher correlation coefficients than LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> for the most of the variables tested. Also, only the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> correlated with the PADL level variables (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with mMRC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥2 presented higher LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> [mean difference: 9.48 (95%CI: 3.46–15.5); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.002] and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> [mean difference: 14.7% (95%CI: 7.67–21.8%); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001] when compared to patients with mMRC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><2. The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> score did not differ between active and inactive patients [mean difference: 4.64 (95%CI: −1.29 to 10.6); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.26], while LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> was higher for inactive patients [mean difference: 8.02% (95%CI: 0.76–15.3%); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03]. Patients with severe physical inactivity presented higher LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> [mean difference: 6.46 (95%CI: 0.40–12.9), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.04] and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> [mean difference: 10.1% (95%CI 2.33–17.9%); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.007] than those without severe physical inactivity. When comparing patients with normal and abnormal functional capacity, there was no difference in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> [mean difference: 5.77 (95%CI: −0.75 to 12.3); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.28] and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> [mean difference: 8.93% (95%CI: 0.96–16.9%); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.12] (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Determination of a cut-off point for LCADL</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The receiver operating characteristic curve (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) showed a cut-off point of 28% for the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> for all 4 anchors: mMRC, 6MWT, classification of severe physical inactivity and level of physical (in)activity.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The classification of functional status according to the cut-off point found (LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> ≤28% and >28%) was associated with the mMRC (<2 and ≥2, Cramer's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">V</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.46, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) and severe physical inactivity (≥4580 and <4580 steps, Cramer's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">V</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.27, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03) classifications.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was no statistically significant difference with regards to anthropometric variables between the patients who scored ≤28% and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>28% in the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>. Those who scored ≤28% in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> had lower scores on mMRC, COPD Assessment Test, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (total score and domains) and BODE index score when compared to patients who scored >28%. Also, they presented higher forced expiratory volume in the first second in percentage of predicted, shorter sitting time, longer time in PADL ≥3 METs, greater number of steps and walked longer distance during the 6MWT (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Interpretation of changes in functional status post-PRP</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From 61 patients included in present study, nine presented some condition other than COPD that compromised the training progression, nine presented severe exacerbation during the PRP or the post-PRP evaluations and five did not completed the PRP because they withdrew from the program. Therefore, 38 patients (27 men; 63<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 years, body mass index: 26.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and forced expiratory volume in the first second: 39.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.1%pred) completed PRP and entered into the analyses. There was no statistically significant difference in the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> between pre-PRP and post-PRP moments [median<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17 (25–75% IQR: 15–22) vs. 17 (25–75% IQR: 14–21); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.08 and median<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28.4% (25–75% IQR: 23.9–33.7%) vs. 27.1% (25–75% IQR: 23–34.9%); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.18, respectively]. The changes in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> were correlated with the change in COPD Assessment Test (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.33; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.04 for both), in the impact domain (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.006 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.53; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001, respectively) and in the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.42; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.009 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.51; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001, respectively). Only the change in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> correlated with the change in time in PADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><1.5MET (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.38; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03). The changes in the other variables did not correlate with changes in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was almost perfect agreement between LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> for the PRP functional effects interpretation (Kappa<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.81; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). Twenty-three patients reduced LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and 20 patients reduced LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> post-PRP. One patient who did not have changes in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">tota</span>, did have increased LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>. Two patients who showed reduced LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> also had increased LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> while one patient who increased LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, had reduced LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>. The frequency of a “0” score being reported was different between pre- and post-PRP when there was disagreement between the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> on interpretation of changes in functional status post-PRP. Fifteen patients who had reported a “0” score for some item(s) of LCADL pre-PRP, reported a score ≥1 in them post-PRP. Also, 17 patients reported a “0” score for LCADL items post-PRP that had reported a score ≥1 pre-PRP.</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was the first to identify a cut-off point to allow the LCADL scale to be interpreted relative to impairment of functional status. The results demonstrated that the cut-off point of 28% was sensitive and specific to enable discrimination the functional status of patients with COPD. Patients with LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>28% had worse pulmonary function, dyspnea, health-related quality of life and health status, shorter time in PADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥3 METs and number of steps, longer sitting time and higher risk of death according to the BODE index when compared to patients with LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤28%. Based on this information, health professionals will be able to use LCADL as a tool to better target treatment strategies. Also, this cut-off point may be useful in studies that focus on assessing more severe patients.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The LCADL cut-off point for discriminating the functional status of patients with COPD was determined only for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> because the results of the present and previous studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,11,12</span></a> showed that the “0” score items could make the scale interpretation using LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> unreliable. In this study, LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> showed a stronger correlation with BODE, forced expiratory volume in the first second, 6MWT, and mMRC than LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, similarly to previous studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,11,12</span></a> as well as with Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire and COPD Assessment Test. Also, the post-PRP change in the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> showed higher correlations with the change in the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire than LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>. Only the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> correlated with variables that reflect the PADL level, as the change in time in PADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><1.5MET. This is a very interesting result, since sedentary behavior can increase the risk of death in COPD patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> and reducing sedentary lifestyle is a focus of PRP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another finding that reinforces the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> use as opposed to LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> was that a large number of the patients presented a “0” score for some item(s) at both pre-PRP and post-PRP moments. Also, in spite of the high agreement between LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> in demonstrating whether there was improvement, worsening or absence of changes in functional status post-PRP, it was noted that in many situations, a reduction in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> could have been caused when the patient stopped performing activities that he/she did before the PRP (i.e., because he/she started to report a “0” score for items that had reported score ≥1). The opposite may also have been responsible for an increase in LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> post-PRP in some patients, which was not effectively related to worsening of functional status since the patient could perform the activities post-PRP (score ≥1) that he did not perform in pre-PRP (“0” score) and experienced dyspnea. These situations reduced the agreement between LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> and LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> and could lead to a misinterpretation of the amount of improvement following the PRP, as well as confounding the interpretation of the magnitude of the interventions effect, increasing or reducing it. Thus, the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> use could solve these problems because it disregards the items scored as “0” and leads to a more reliable interpretation of results. Therefore, although LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> presented with a minimal detectable change,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> its use may significantly impair the interpretation of the PRP effects on functional status. Future studies should develop a minimal important difference for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> since this is fundamental for this instrument use in clinical practice. Because most of patients reported a “0” score for at least one of the LCADL items before PRP, it may have also reduced the scale responsiveness, since it reduced the possible items to improve post-PRP. This may explain why there was no improvement in the LCADL scores post-PRP. Besides, the subjectivity and the misinterpretation which can occur when scales are used may have interfered in this outcome.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cut-off point for discriminating patients with worse or better outcomes is also an important interpretation criteria. The instruments used as anchors in the present study having cut-off points that allowed their well-established criteria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,24,25</span></a> and being outcomes capable of reflect the risk of death in patients with COPD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31,32</span></a> All the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses found the cut-off point of 28%, which was able to discriminate patients in the pulmonary function, dyspnea, health status, quality of life, PADL level, and risk of death. Also, an association was found between the classification of functional status by the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> cut-off point and the mMRC and severe physical inactivity classifications. However, these associations were weak probably because all of the instruments evaluated different constructs related to functional status. These outcomes are complementary to one another and are strongly associated with the prognosis of COPD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,26,32–36</span></a> Another factor that reinforces the LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> cut-off point use is that the differences between the groups presented higher values than the minimal important difference of the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> the COPD Assessment Test,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> the 6MWT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> and the number of steps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Therefore, the 28% cut-off point for LCADL has clinically relevant discriminatory power.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lack of significance in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using the 6MWT as the anchor can be considered a limitation of the study. A type II error may have ocurred since the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value was borderline. However, the sample size was based on a previous sample calculation and the cut-off point by the other anchors showed satisfactory area under the curve values, sensitivity and specificity. Some analysis may have presented low statistical power, especially for the subgroups, since a sample estimation was not conducted for this purpose.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusions</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is recommended that clinicians use the cut-off point of 28% for LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> to distinguish the functional status of patients with COPD. This cut-off point is capable of differentiating patients in relation to dyspnea, health status, quality of life, PADL and potential risk of death. The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> reflects better outcomes of COPD than LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, which could compromise the interpretation of the PRP effects on functional status.</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1339200" "titulo" => "Highlights" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1339199" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1232871" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL)" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP)" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Determination of a cut-off point for LCADL" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Interpretation of change in functional status post-PRP" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Determination of a cut-off point for LCADL" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Interpretation of changes in functional status post-PRP" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-08-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-03-18" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1232871" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" 1 => "Activities of daily living" 2 => "Exercise" 3 => "Rehabilitation" 4 => "Interpretability" 5 => "Outcome assessment (health care)." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "highlights" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span> reflected better outcomes for COPD when compared to LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 28% cut-off point for LCADL has clinically relevant discriminatory power.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> may compromise the interpretation of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program effects.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the cut-off point for the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale in order to better discriminate functional status. Secondarily, to determine which of the scores (total or %total) is better associated with clinical outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sixty-one patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease performed the following tests: spirometry; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test; Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire; modified Medical Research Council, the body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index; six-minute walk test; physical activity in daily life assessment and London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale. Thirty-eight patients were evaluated pre- and post-pulmonary rehabilitation . The cut-off point was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve with six-minute walk test (cut-off point: 82%pred), modified Medical Research Council (cut-off point: 2), level of physical (in)activity (cut-off point: 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min per day in physical activity ≥3 metabolic equivalent of task) and presence/absence of severe physical inactivity (cut-off point: 4580 steps per day) as anchors.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cut-off point found for all anchors was 28%: modified Medical Research Council [sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>72%; area under the curve<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.80]; level of physical (in)activity [sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59%; area under the curve<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.67] and classification of severe physical inactivity [sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62%; area under the curve<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.70]. The patients who scored ≤28% in %total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living had lower modified Medical Research Council , Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index and sitting time than who scored >28%, and higher forced expiratory volume in the first second, time in physical activity ≥3 metabolic equivalent of task, steps per day and six-minute walk distance. The %total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living correlated better with clinical outcomes than the total score.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cut-off point of 28% is sensitive and specific to distinguish the functional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The %total score of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living reflects better outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when compared to total score.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3537 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 276691 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Receiver operating characteristic curves for the percentage of the total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>) cut-off point to discriminate the functional status of patients with COPD. (A) Modified Medical Research Council Scale (mMRC) ≥2 and <2: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>72%; area under the curve (AUC)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.80 (95%CI: 0.69–0.91); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001. (B) Six-minute walk test (6MWT) ≥82%pred and <82%pred: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.62 (95%CI: 0.48–0.76); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.13. (C) ≥4580 steps/day and <4580 steps/day: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.70 (95%CI: 0.57–0.84); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.007. (D) Time ≥80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day and <80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min/day in physical activities ≥3 METs: cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%; sensitivity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65%; specificity<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59%; AUC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.67 (95%CI: 0.53–0.80); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD, standard deviation; LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, total score ofLondon Chest Activity of Daily Living; LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>, percentage total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living; kg, kilograms; m, meters; BMI, body mass index; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>, forced expiratory volume in the first<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>second; L, liters; %pred, percentage of predicted; FVC, forced vital capacity; 6MWT, six-minute walk test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; SGRQ, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire; min, minute; MET, metabolic equivalent of tasks.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28%Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-value</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Body weight (kg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Heigth (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BMI (kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FVC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> (L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> (%pred) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FVC (L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.63<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FVC (%pred) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6MWT (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">430<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>96.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">467<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">404<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>92.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6MWT (%pred) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">mMRC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 [2] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 [0] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 [2] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CAT (total) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SGRQ<span class="elsevierStyleInf">symptoms</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SGRQ<span class="elsevierStyleInf">activity</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SGRQ<span class="elsevierStyleInf">impact</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SGRQ<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BODE index (score) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time sitting (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">383<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">351<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>101 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">406<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>101 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time lying (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>105 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">115<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>119 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time standing (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>64.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">137<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time walking (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">71.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Steps \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5273<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2726 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6236<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2771 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4605<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2521 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time in activities <1.5 MET (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">583<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>68.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">568<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">593<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>68.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time in activities ≥3 METs (min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.046 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2296568.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Results are presented as median [interquartile range].</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anthropometric characteristics, pulmonary function, functional status, severity of dyspnea, health status, quality of life and physical activities in daily life of the sample.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span>, total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living; LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span>, percentage total score of London Chest Activity of Daily Living; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>, forced expiratory volume in first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; L, liters; %pred, percentage of predicted; m, meters; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; SGRQ, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; 6MWT, six-minute walk test; min, minute; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">total</span></th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LCADL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">%total</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-value</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-value</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FVC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> (L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> (%pred) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FVC (L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FVC (%pred) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CAT (total) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SGRQ<span class="elsevierStyleInf">symptoms</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n