The efficacy of conservative therapy for low back pain in pregnancy (PLBP) is unclear.

To investigate the efficacy of conservative therapy on pain, disability, and quality of life in PLBP.

The search strategy was conducted on six databases up to August 24, 2020, without date or language restrictions. Minimal intervention (i.e., placebo, sham, waiting list, or no intervention) was the comparator of interest. Selection of randomized controlled trials, data extraction and methodological quality assessment of included trials were conducted independently by two reviewers. The PEDro scale (0-10) was used to assess methodological quality. Effect sizes for specific therapies were pooled when possible, using random-effects models. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment (GRADE) approach.

Ten included trials provide uncertain evidence (low to very low quality) about the effects of auriculotherapy, education, exercise, exercise plus education, oil treatment, and osteopathy in pain, disability, and quality of life at short- and long-term. At short-term, mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) on a 0-10 points pain intensity scale were: for oil treatment, 2.8 points (2.6, 3.1) (n = one trial, 114 participants); for auriculotherapy, 1.6 points (1.2, 2.0) (n = one trial, 112 participants); for exercise, 2.2 points (-1.8, 6.2) (n = three trials, 297 participants).

There is an urgent need for larger, high-quality trials investigating the effects of conservative therapy on pain, disability, and quality of life in this population.

Our systematic review shows that the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of conservative therapy (e.g., oil treatment, auriculotherapy, and exercise) on pain, disability, and quality of life in the short- and long term.