Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition with a high global prevalence, capable of causing severe complications for individuals. Among these complications is diabetic neuropathy, which leads to a decline in functional performance and quality of life. Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is a viable alternative for managing diabetes and its complications.

To evaluate the influence of a CR program on neuropathic symptoms, functional performance, quality of life, knowledge, and attitude toward DM in individuals with diabetic neuropathy.

This is a case series study using tests to assess functional performance (Timed Up and Go, 6-Minute Walk Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery), specific scales for diabetic neuropathy screening (Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale, Visual Analog Scale for Pain), and questionnaires designed to investigate aspects related to fatigue, quality of life, knowledge, management, and acceptance of DM. The intervention consisted of an exercise program conducted twice a week, totaling 16 sessions.

Fourteen patients with type 2 DM, with a mean age of 60.3 ± 9.2 years, participated in the study. A statistically significant improvement was observed in pain scores (p = 0.028) and neuropathic symptoms (p = 0.010), performance in the 6-Minute Walk Test (p = 0.028), coping attitude toward DM (p = 0.014), and quality of life domains (functional capacity, physical and emotional aspects, pain, vitality, and summarized mental component).

The CR program proved beneficial for patients with diabetes and neuropathy, leading to positive changes in functional aspects, symptom reduction, improved quality of life, and better coping with DM. Further studies and viable alternatives for implementing a program that includes physical exercise and health education for the diabetic population are warranted.

This research highlights the benefits of a twice-weekly exercise program for patients with diabetes and neuropathy, reinforcing the important role of physical exercise as an ally in diabetes treatment, bringing positive changes to the individual's biopsychosocial context.