ReviewPromising application of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) in musculoskeletal disorders
Graphical abstract
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) are considered to be a safe and non-invasive way to effectively treat numerous musculoskeletal disorders, such as delayed union or nonunion fractures, osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), osteonecrosis (ON), tendon disorders, etc. The PEMF exposure system generally consisted of a PEMF signal generator and a coil assembly with two‐coil array. The pair of coils generate magnetic field and electric field. The area between the coils is the position of the body for the person undergoing PEMF therapy. The frequency, intensity, and pulse forms are three of most crucial parameters. The frequency of electromagnetic fields used in clinical treatment is usually less than 100 Hz and the magnetic flux density is between 0.1 m T and 30 m T. All PEMF therapy devices utilize one or more of waveforms or a combination of them (such as sine square waves, triangle waves and sawtooth waves, etc.), in order to transfer the pulsed electromagnetic energy into the body. In addition, the duration of PEMF treatment is another essential factor should be taken into consideration because it is closely related to the therapeutic efficacy.
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